According to C.L. Lincoln in his book, The Negro Pilgrimage in America, the Civil War ended at Appomattox Courthouse in central Virginia on April 9, 1865. There were some cries of vengeance by the Northerners for “treason” by the Southerners. Jefferson Davis, the Confederate President, was never brought to trial for his role. There were …
According to the book by C.L. Lincoln, The Negro Pilgrimage In America, by the middle of the nineteenth century, there were sectional differences as to whether new states admitted to the Union would be slaveholding or free. The Compromise of 1850 attempted to improve relations by setting up a balanced set of conditions for the …
In the book by C. L. Lincoln, The Negro Pilgrimage In America, slaveholders rejected both Biblical and political arguments. They used the Bible to “prove” justification of slavery by identifying black people of Ham, forever ordained to be “hewers of wood and drawers of water.” They argued there was a historical justification for slavery. Wealthy …
I remember reading about The Underground Railroad when I was in junior high school. The Railroad was a large network of secret contacts between free Black people and white people to help escaped enslaved people reach freedom. I remember reading about Fredrick Douglass, Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. I remember the book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, …
After the westward expansion of the United States in the early 1800’s, there was a need for a labor force. This labor was provided by enslaved people. There was a one mile stretch of productive agriculture regions from South Carolina to Texas. The key crop was cotton and that plant became king in the South. …
American history involves many slave revolts. According to C.L. Lincoln’s book, The Negro Pilgrimage in America, between 1663 and 1864, there were at least a hundred and nine separate slave revolts on land. Between 1699 and 1845, fifty-five revolts took place on slave ships at sea. According to historians, the first recorded slave revolt in …
Black people fought for America’s freedom while many of them were not free. According to History.com, The Revolutionary War was an insurrection by American Patriots in the 13 colonies to British rule, resulting in American independence. The tension between England and the colonies erupted in violence in Boston, Massachusetts on March 5, 1770. A detachment …
The first inhabitants of the continent of America are the Native Indians and Alaskans. These indigenous people inhabited North, Central and South America. According to historians, it is estimated that 18-20 million Native Americans lived in the country called the United States when Europeans first arrived. According to the 2010 Census, approximately 5.2 million people …
My maternal great grandparents were enslaved people in Mississippi. According to U.S. census records, my grandfather was born in either 1884 or 1885. My grandmother was born shortly afterwards. I don’t know anything about my paternal great grandparents. It is believed they were also slaves. Their son, my grandfather, married my grandmother, a woman of …
After I wrote my book, The Tangled Web: A little girl’s struggle to overcome racism and poverty, I was excited to tell my family and friends. I surprised by the reaction of one of my long term good friends. She and I have known each other for over 30 years. We met as young adults …